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New American Standard Bible → Комментарии МакДональда

New American Standard Bible

The Census of Israel’s Warriors

1 Then the LORD spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tent of meeting, on the first of the second month, in the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying,
2 “Take a census of all the congregation of the sons of Israel, by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, every male, head by head
3 from twenty years old and upward, whoever is able to go out to war in Israel, you and Aaron shall number them by their armies.
4 “With you, moreover, there shall be a man of each tribe, each one head of his father’s household.
5 “These then are the names of the men who shall stand with you: of Reuben, Elizur the son of Shedeur;
6 of Simeon, Shelumiel the son of Zurishaddai;
7 of Judah, Nahshon the son of Amminadab;
8 of Issachar, Nethanel the son of Zuar;
9 of Zebulun, Eliab the son of Helon;
10 of the sons of Joseph: of Ephraim, Elishama the son of Ammihud; of Manasseh, Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur;
11 of Benjamin, Abidan the son of Gideoni;
12 of Dan, Ahiezer the son of Ammishaddai;
13 of Asher, Pagiel the son of Ochran;
14 of Gad, Eliasaph the son of Deuel;
15 of Naphtali, Ahira the son of Enan.
16 “These are they who were called of the congregation, the leaders of their fathers’ tribes; they were the heads of divisions of Israel.”
17 So Moses and Aaron took these men who had been designated by name,
18 and they assembled all the congregation together on the first of the second month. Then they registered by ancestry in their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, head by head,
19 just as the LORD had commanded Moses. So he numbered them in the wilderness of Sinai.
20 Now the sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, head by head, every male from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
21 their numbered men of the tribe of Reuben were 46,500.
22 Of the sons of Simeon, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, their numbered men, according to the number of names, head by head, every male from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
23 their numbered men of the tribe of Simeon were 59,300.
24 Of the sons of Gad, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
25 their numbered men of the tribe of Gad were 45,650.
26 Of the sons of Judah, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
27 their numbered men of the tribe of Judah were 74,600.
28 Of the sons of Issachar, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
29 their numbered men of the tribe of Issachar were 54,400.
30 Of the sons of Zebulun, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
31 their numbered men of the tribe of Zebulun were 57,400.
32 Of the sons of Joseph, namely, of the sons of Ephraim, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
33 their numbered men of the tribe of Ephraim were 40,500.
34 Of the sons of Manasseh, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
35 their numbered men of the tribe of Manasseh were 32,200.
36 Of the sons of Benjamin, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
37 their numbered men of the tribe of Benjamin were 35,400.
38 Of the sons of Dan, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
39 their numbered men of the tribe of Dan were 62,700.
40 Of the sons of Asher, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
41 their numbered men of the tribe of Asher were 41,500.
42 Of the sons of Naphtali, their genealogical registration by their families, by their fathers’ households, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war,
43 their numbered men of the tribe of Naphtali were 53,400.
44 These are the ones who were numbered, whom Moses and Aaron numbered, with the leaders of Israel, twelve men, each of whom was of his father’s household.
45 So all the numbered men of the sons of Israel by their fathers’ households, from twenty years old and upward, whoever was able to go out to war in Israel,
46 even all the numbered men were 603,550.

Levites Exempted

47 The Levites, however, were not numbered among them by their fathers’ tribe.
48 For the LORD had spoken to Moses, saying,
49 “Only the tribe of Levi you shall not number, nor shall you take their census among the sons of Israel.
50 “But you shall appoint the Levites over the tabernacle of the testimony, and over all its furnishings and over all that belongs to it. They shall carry the tabernacle and all its furnishings, and they shall take care of it; they shall also camp around the tabernacle.
51 “So when the tabernacle is to set out, the Levites shall take it down; and when the tabernacle encamps, the Levites shall set it up. But the layman who comes near shall be put to death.
52 “The sons of Israel shall camp, each man by his own camp, and each man by his own standard, according to their armies.
53 “But the Levites shall camp around the tabernacle of the testimony, so that there will be no wrath on the congregation of the sons of Israel. So the Levites shall keep charge of the tabernacle of the testimony.”
54 Thus the sons of Israel did; according to all which the LORD had commanded Moses, so they did.

Комментарии МакДональда

I.  ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ДНИ У СИНАЯ (1:10 — 10:10)

А. Перепись и организация колен (Гл. 1−2)

1:1 Книга Чисел открывается спустя один год и месяц после того, как сыны Израилевы вышли из Египта, и через месяц после возведения Скинии (Исход 40:17). Как уже было отмечено, книга получила свое название благодаря двум переписям народа (Гл. 1 и 26). Упоминающаяся здесь перепись не является повторным описанием переписи, о которой говорится в книге Исход 30:11−16. Они проводились в разное время и с разными целями. Вторая перепись (Числа 1), возможно, основывалась на первой, отсюда некоторая схожесть в результатах.

1:2−3 Израильтяне готовятся начать свое путешествие от горы Синай к Обетованной Земле. Было важно, чтобы они были организованны в строгом порядке, как марширующие ополчения, и для этого Бог приказывает исчислить народ. В перепись должны были войти все лица мужеского пола, поголовно: от двадцати лет и выше, все годные для войны.

1:4−17 Один человек ... из каждого колена был поставлен, чтобы помогать Моисею в исчислении народа. Их имена приводятся в стихах 5−16. Стих 17 гласит: «И взял Моисей и Аарон мужей сих, которые названы поименно».

1:18−46 Результаты переписи были следующими:

КоленоНомер стихаКоличество
Рувимст. 20−2146 500
Симеонст. 22−2359 300
Гадст. 24−2545 650
Иудаст. 26−2774 600
Иссахарст. 28−2954 400
Завулонст. 30−3157 400
Ефремст. 32−3340 500
Манассияст. 34−3532 200
Вениаминст. 36−3735 400
Данст. 38−3962 700
Асирст. 40−4141 500
Неффалимст. 42−4353 400
ИТОГО603 550

Обратите внимание, что колено Ефрема многочисленнее колена Манассии. Это соответствует благословению Иакова в Бытие 48:19−20. Колена перечислены, начиная с Рувима, первенца, и его лагеря (на юге), затем — Иуда и его лагерь (на востоке), Дан и его лагерь (на севере) и, наконец, Ефрем и его лагерь (на западе).

1:47−54 Левиты не были исчислены между ними. Они не включены в число воинов (ст. 47). Им было поручено поднимать и ставить скинию, а также совершать все служения при ней. Размещаясь лагерем вокруг скинии, они защищали ее от осквернения и, таким образом, уберегали людей от наказания (ст. 53).



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