Psalms 78 псалом

Psalms
English Standard Version → Толковая Библия Лопухина

English Standard Version

Tell the Coming Generation

A Maskila of Asaph.

1 Give ear, O my people, to my teaching;
incline your ears to the words of my mouth!
2 I will open my mouth in a parable;
I will utter dark sayings from of old,
3 things that we have heard and known,
that our fathers have told us.
4 We will not hide them from their children,
but tell to the coming generation
the glorious deeds of the Lord, and his might,
and the wonders that he has done.
5 He established a testimony in Jacob
and appointed a law in Israel,
which he commanded our fathers
to teach to their children,
6 that the next generation might know them,
the children yet unborn,
and arise and tell them to their children,
7 so that they should set their hope in God
and not forget the works of God,
but keep his commandments;
8 and that they should not be like their fathers,
a stubborn and rebellious generation,
a generation whose heart was not steadfast,
whose spirit was not faithful to God.
9 The Ephraimites, armed withb the bow,
turned back on the day of battle.
10 They did not keep God’s covenant,
but refused to walk according to his law.
11 They forgot his works
and the wonders that he had shown them.
12 In the sight of their fathers he performed wonders
in the land of Egypt, in the fields of Zoan.
13 He divided the sea and let them pass through it,
and made the waters stand like a heap.
14 In the daytime he led them with a cloud,
and all the night with a fiery light.
15 He split rocks in the wilderness
and gave them drink abundantly as from the deep.
16 He made streams come out of the rock
and caused waters to flow down like rivers.
17 Yet they sinned still more against him,
rebelling against the Most High in the desert.
18 They tested God in their heart
by demanding the food they craved.
19 They spoke against God, saying,
“Can God spread a table in the wilderness?
20 He struck the rock so that water gushed out
and streams overflowed.
Can he also give bread
or provide meat for his people?”
21 Therefore, when the Lord heard, he was full of wrath;
a fire was kindled against Jacob;
his anger rose against Israel,
22 because they did not believe in God
and did not trust his saving power.
23 Yet he commanded the skies above
and opened the doors of heaven,
24 and he rained down on them manna to eat
and gave them the grain of heaven.
25 Man ate of the bread of the angels;
he sent them food in abundance.
26 He caused the east wind to blow in the heavens,
and by his power he led out the south wind;
27 he rained meat on them like dust,
winged birds like the sand of the seas;
28 he let them fall in the midst of their camp,
all around their dwellings.
29 And they ate and were well filled,
for he gave them what they craved.
30 But before they had satisfied their craving,
while the food was still in their mouths,
31 the anger of God rose against them,
and he killed the strongest of them
and laid low the young men of Israel.
32 In spite of all this, they still sinned;
despite his wonders, they did not believe.
33 So he made their days vanish likec a breath,d
and their years in terror.
34 When he killed them, they sought him;
they repented and sought God earnestly.
35 They remembered that God was their rock,
the Most High God their redeemer.
36 But they flattered him with their mouths;
they lied to him with their tongues.
37 Their heart was not steadfast toward him;
they were not faithful to his covenant.
38 Yet he, being compassionate,
atoned for their iniquity
and did not destroy them;
he restrained his anger often
and did not stir up all his wrath.
39 He remembered that they were but flesh,
a wind that passes and comes not again.
40 How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness
and grieved him in the desert!
41 They tested God again and again
and provoked the Holy One of Israel.
42 They did not remember his powere
or the day when he redeemed them from the foe,
43 when he performed his signs in Egypt
and his marvels in the fields of Zoan.
44 He turned their rivers to blood,
so that they could not drink of their streams.
45 He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them,
and frogs, which destroyed them.
46 He gave their crops to the destroying locust
and the fruit of their labor to the locust.
47 He destroyed their vines with hail
and their sycamores with frost.
48 He gave over their cattle to the hail
and their flocks to thunderbolts.
49 He let loose on them his burning anger,
wrath, indignation, and distress,
a company of destroying angels.
50 He made a path for his anger;
he did not spare them from death,
but gave their lives over to the plague.
51 He struck down every firstborn in Egypt,
the firstfruits of their strength in the tents of Ham.
52 Then he led out his people like sheep
and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.
53 He led them in safety, so that they were not afraid,
but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.
54 And he brought them to his holy land,
to the mountain which his right hand had won.
55 He drove out nations before them;
he apportioned them for a possession
and settled the tribes of Israel in their tents.
56 Yet they tested and rebelled against the Most High God
and did not keep his testimonies,
57 but turned away and acted treacherously like their fathers;
they twisted like a deceitful bow.
58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places;
they moved him to jealousy with their idols.
59 When God heard, he was full of wrath,
and he utterly rejected Israel.
60 He forsook his dwelling at Shiloh,
the tent where he dwelt among mankind,
61 and delivered his power to captivity,
his glory to the hand of the foe.
62 He gave his people over to the sword
and vented his wrath on his heritage.
63 Fire devoured their young men,
and their young women had no marriage song.
64 Their priests fell by the sword,
and their widows made no lamentation.
65 Then the Lord awoke as from sleep,
like a strong man shouting because of wine.
66 And he put his adversaries to rout;
he put them to everlasting shame.
67 He rejected the tent of Joseph;
he did not choose the tribe of Ephraim,
68 but he chose the tribe of Judah,
Mount Zion, which he loves.
69 He built his sanctuary like the high heavens,
like the earth, which he has founded forever.
70 He chose David his servant
and took him from the sheepfolds;
71 from following the nursing ewes he brought him
to shepherd Jacob his people,
Israel his inheritance.
72 With upright heart he shepherded them
and guided them with his skillful hand.

Толковая Библия Лопухина

Этот псалом, как и Пс 73, написан после взятия Иерусалима Навуходоносором и после опустошения им земли Иудейской. Храм здесь представляется оскверненным, Иерусалим — в развалинах (Пс 78:1), всюду лежат непогребенные трупы убитых евреев (Пс 78:2), которые сделались посмешищем в глазах соседних народов (Пс 78:4). Писателем был один из потомков Асафа прозорливца.

Боже! Язычники опустошили страну, разрушили Иерусалим, залили землю кровью людей еврейских, над ними смеются и издеваются соседние народы (1−4). Пролей гнев Твой на народы за опустошение земли Иакова: не помяни наших грехов и избавь нас (5−9). Не дай язычникам издеваться над Твоим именем, накажи их за поношение Тебя, а мы будем возвещать в род и род хвалу Тебе (10−13).

Пс 78:2. трупы рабов Твоих отдали на съедение птицам небесным, тела святых Твоих — зверям земным;

«Тела святых Твоих» — евреев, как народа Богоизбранного, предназначенного быть народом святым и служителем истинного Бога.

Пс 78:3. пролили кровь их, как воду, вокруг Иерусалима, и некому было похоронить их.

«Пролили кровь их, как воду» — обилие убитых.

Пс 78:4. Мы сделались посмешищем у соседей наших, поруганием и посрамлением у окружающих нас.

Завоеванный народ становился добычею врага, которой он распоряжался по своему капризному желанию, подвергая его всевозможным насилиям и насмешкам. Этот обычай отношения к покоренному врагу в древнее время был всеобщим и зависел от той глубокой замкнутости жизни народов, которая почти не допускала никаких сношений даже с соседним племенем. Каждый народ, потому, обособлялся в своем языке, правах, обычаях и религиозных верованиях и к другому народу относился лишь как к своему врагу, гибель которого для него служила предметом искренних вожделений. Этим объясняются те поругания, которым подвергались побежденные от победителя.

Пс 78:8. Не помяни нам грехов наших предков; скоро да предварят нас щедроты Твои, ибо мы весьма истощены.

«Не помяни нам грехов... предков» — не вменяй и не подвергай нас ответственности за грехи, унаследованные нами от предков. Эта молитва указывает, что степень нравственного разложения еврейского народа, вызвавшая такой строгий суд от Господа, не была временным упадком высоты жизни еврейского народа, но продолжительной порочной наклонностью.

Пс 78:9. Помоги нам, Боже, Спаситель наш, ради славы имени Твоего; избавь нас и прости нам грехи наши ради имени Твоего.

«Помоги нам... ради славы имени Твоего; избавь нас... ради имени Твоего». При господстве среди древних народов религиозных воззрений, влиявших на строй их гражданской жизни, быта семейного и общественного и определявших отношение к другим народам, значение и сила каждого племени определялась силой его национального бога. Победа одного народа над другим обозначала, что бог победителя выше бога побежденного племени, над которым считали вправе смеяться. Той же участи подвергался и еврейский народ после победы над ним вавилонян; еврейский Бог являлся в глазах победителей слабее их национального бога, почему и поношения еврейского Бога были естественны. Писатель скорбит о таком унижении истинного Бога и молит помочь своему народу для того, чтобы Его имя не хулилось язычниками.

Пс 78:10. Для чего язычникам говорить: «где Бог их?» Да сделается известным между язычниками пред глазами нашими отмщение за пролитую кровь рабов Твоих.

«Где Бог их?» Вопрос иронический. Язычники победители спрашивают — где же тот Бог, на силу Которого надеялись иудеи?

Пс 78:11. Да придет пред лице Твое стенание узника; могуществом мышцы Твоей сохрани обреченных на смерть.

«Да придет пред лице Твое стенание узника» — взгляни милостью, не отворачивайся от Твоего народа, который теперь лишен политической самостоятельности, который в узах рабства.

Пс 78:12. Семикратно возврати соседям нашим в недро их поношение, которым они Тебя, Господи, поносили.

«Семикратно возврати соседям нашим». Число семь — круглое, означающее полноту вообще. Воздай врагам, Господи, полностью то, что они заслужили своими поношениями Тебя; не ослабляй Своей справедливости снисхождением.



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