King James Bible
Hear My Teaching, My People
1 {Maschil of Asaph.} Give ear, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth.
2 I will open my mouth in a parable: I will utter dark sayings of old:
3 Which we have heard and known, and our fathers have told us.
4 We will not hide them from their children, shewing to the generation to come the praises of the LORD, and his strength, and his wonderful works that he hath done.
5 For he established a testimony in Jacob, and appointed a law in Israel, which he commanded our fathers, that they should make them known to their children:
6 That the generation to come might know them, even the children which should be born; who should arise and declare them to their children:
7 That they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments:
8 And might not be as their fathers, a stubborn and rebellious generation; a generation that set not their heart aright, and whose spirit was not stedfast with God.
9 The children of Ephraim, being armed, and carrying bows, turned back in the day of battle.
10 They kept not the covenant of God, and refused to walk in his law;
11 And forgat his works, and his wonders that he had shewed them.
12 Marvellous things did he in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.
13 He divided the sea, and caused them to pass through; and he made the waters to stand as an heap.
14 In the daytime also he led them with a cloud, and all the night with a light of fire.
15 He clave the rocks in the wilderness, and gave them drink as out of the great depths.
16 He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
17 And they sinned yet more against him by provoking the most High in the wilderness.
18 And they tempted God in their heart by asking meat for their lust.
19 Yea, they spake against God; they said, Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?
20 Behold, he smote the rock, that the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed; can he give bread also? can he provide flesh for his people?
21 Therefore the LORD heard this, and was wroth: so a fire was kindled against Jacob, and anger also came up against Israel;
22 Because they believed not in God, and trusted not in his salvation:
23 Though he had commanded the clouds from above, and opened the doors of heaven,
24 And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them of the corn of heaven.
25 Man did eat angels' food: he sent them meat to the full.
26 He caused an east wind to blow in the heaven: and by his power he brought in the south wind.
27 He rained flesh also upon them as dust, and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea:
28 And he let it fall in the midst of their camp, round about their habitations.
29 So they did eat, and were well filled: for he gave them their own desire;
30 They were not estranged from their lust. But while their meat was yet in their mouths,
31 The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.
32 For all this they sinned still, and believed not for his wondrous works.
33 Therefore their days did he consume in vanity, and their years in trouble.
34 When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned and inquired early after God.
35 And they remembered that God was their rock, and the high God their redeemer.
36 Nevertheless they did flatter him with their mouth, and they lied unto him with their tongues.
37 For their heart was not right with him, neither were they stedfast in his covenant.
38 But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away, and did not stir up all his wrath.
39 For he remembered that they were but flesh; a wind that passeth away, and cometh not again.
40 How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert!
41 Yea, they turned back and tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Israel.
42 They remembered not his hand, nor the day when he delivered them from the enemy.
43 How he had wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Zoan:
44 And had turned their rivers into blood; and their floods, that they could not drink.
45 He sent divers sorts of flies among them, which devoured them; and frogs, which destroyed them.
46 He gave also their increase unto the caterpiller, and their labour unto the locust.
47 He destroyed their vines with hail, and their sycomore trees with frost.
48 He gave up their cattle also to the hail, and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.
49 He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them.
50 He made a way to his anger; he spared not their soul from death, but gave their life over to the pestilence;
51 And smote all the firstborn in Egypt; the chief of their strength in the tabernacles of Ham:
52 But made his own people to go forth like sheep, and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.
53 And he led them on safely, so that they feared not: but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.
54 And he brought them to the border of his sanctuary, even to this mountain, which his right hand had purchased.
55 He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.
56 Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies:
57 But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.
58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.
59 When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel:
60 So that he forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh, the tent which he placed among men;
61 And delivered his strength into captivity, and his glory into the enemy's hand.
62 He gave his people over also unto the sword; and was wroth with his inheritance.
63 The fire consumed their young men; and their maidens were not given to marriage.
64 Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation.
65 Then the Lord awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that shouteth by reason of wine.
66 And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.
67 Moreover he refused the tabernacle of Joseph, and chose not the tribe of Ephraim:
68 But chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved.
69 And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever.
70 He chose David also his servant, and took him from the sheepfolds:
71 From following the ewes great with young he brought him to feed Jacob his people, and Israel his inheritance.
72 So he fed them according to the integrity of his heart; and guided them by the skilfulness of his hands.
Толковая Библия Лопухина
Этот псалом, как и Пс 73, написан после взятия Иерусалима Навуходоносором и после опустошения им земли Иудейской. Храм здесь представляется оскверненным, Иерусалим — в развалинах (Пс 78:1), всюду лежат непогребенные трупы убитых евреев (Пс 78:2), которые сделались посмешищем в глазах соседних народов (Пс 78:4). Писателем был один из потомков Асафа прозорливца.
Боже! Язычники опустошили страну, разрушили Иерусалим, залили землю кровью людей еврейских, над ними смеются и издеваются соседние народы (1−4). Пролей гнев Твой на народы за опустошение земли Иакова: не помяни наших грехов и избавь нас (5−9). Не дай язычникам издеваться над Твоим именем, накажи их за поношение Тебя, а мы будем возвещать в род и род хвалу Тебе (10−13).
Пс 78:2. трупы рабов Твоих отдали на съедение птицам небесным, тела святых Твоих — зверям земным;
«Тела святых Твоих» — евреев, как народа Богоизбранного, предназначенного быть народом святым и служителем истинного Бога.
Пс 78:3. пролили кровь их, как воду, вокруг Иерусалима, и некому было похоронить их.
«Пролили кровь их, как воду» — обилие убитых.
Пс 78:4. Мы сделались посмешищем у соседей наших, поруганием и посрамлением у окружающих нас.
Завоеванный народ становился добычею врага, которой он распоряжался по своему капризному желанию, подвергая его всевозможным насилиям и насмешкам. Этот обычай отношения к покоренному врагу в древнее время был всеобщим и зависел от той глубокой замкнутости жизни народов, которая почти не допускала никаких сношений даже с соседним племенем. Каждый народ, потому, обособлялся в своем языке, правах, обычаях и религиозных верованиях и к другому народу относился лишь как к своему врагу, гибель которого для него служила предметом искренних вожделений. Этим объясняются те поругания, которым подвергались побежденные от победителя.
Пс 78:8. Не помяни нам грехов наших предков; скоро да предварят нас щедроты Твои, ибо мы весьма истощены.
«Не помяни нам грехов... предков» — не вменяй и не подвергай нас ответственности за грехи, унаследованные нами от предков. Эта молитва указывает, что степень нравственного разложения еврейского народа, вызвавшая такой строгий суд от Господа, не была временным упадком высоты жизни еврейского народа, но продолжительной порочной наклонностью.
Пс 78:9. Помоги нам, Боже, Спаситель наш, ради славы имени Твоего; избавь нас и прости нам грехи наши ради имени Твоего.
«Помоги нам... ради славы имени Твоего; избавь нас... ради имени Твоего». При господстве среди древних народов религиозных воззрений, влиявших на строй их гражданской жизни, быта семейного и общественного и определявших отношение к другим народам, значение и сила каждого племени определялась силой его национального бога. Победа одного народа над другим обозначала, что бог победителя выше бога побежденного племени, над которым считали вправе смеяться. Той же участи подвергался и еврейский народ после победы над ним вавилонян; еврейский Бог являлся в глазах победителей слабее их национального бога, почему и поношения еврейского Бога были естественны. Писатель скорбит о таком унижении истинного Бога и молит помочь своему народу для того, чтобы Его имя не хулилось язычниками.
Пс 78:10. Для чего язычникам говорить: «где Бог их?» Да сделается известным между язычниками пред глазами нашими отмщение за пролитую кровь рабов Твоих.
«Где Бог их?» Вопрос иронический. Язычники победители спрашивают — где же тот Бог, на силу Которого надеялись иудеи?
Пс 78:11. Да придет пред лице Твое стенание узника; могуществом мышцы Твоей сохрани обреченных на смерть.
«Да придет пред лице Твое стенание узника» — взгляни милостью, не отворачивайся от Твоего народа, который теперь лишен политической самостоятельности, который в узах рабства.
Пс 78:12. Семикратно возврати соседям нашим в недро их поношение, которым они Тебя, Господи, поносили.
«Семикратно возврати соседям нашим». Число семь — круглое, означающее полноту вообще. Воздай врагам, Господи, полностью то, что они заслужили своими поношениями Тебя; не ослабляй Своей справедливости снисхождением.