Ezekiel 1 глава — King James Bible → Комментарии МакДональда

King James Bible

Ezekiel's Prophecy at Kebar

¹ Now it came to pass in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, in the fifth day of the month, as I was among the captives by the river of Chebar, that the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God.

² In the fifth day of the month, which was the fifth year of king Jehoiachin's captivity,

³ The word of the LORD came expressly unto Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans by the river Chebar; and the hand of the LORD was there upon him.

Vision of Four Cherubim

⁴ And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire.

⁵ Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance; they had the likeness of a man.

⁶ And every one had four faces, and every one had four wings.

⁷ And their feet were straight feet; and the sole of their feet was like the sole of a calf's foot: and they sparkled like the colour of burnished brass.

⁸ And they had the hands of a man under their wings on their four sides; and they four had their faces and their wings.

⁹ Their wings were joined one to another; they turned not when they went; they went every one straight forward.

¹⁰ As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a man, and the face of a lion, on the right side: and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four also had the face of an eagle.

¹¹ Thus were their faces: and their wings were stretched upward; two wings of every one were joined one to another, and two covered their bodies.

¹² And they went every one straight forward: whither the spirit was to go, they went; and they turned not when they went.

¹³ As for the likeness of the living creatures, their appearance was like burning coals of fire, and like the appearance of lamps: it went up and down among the living creatures; and the fire was bright, and out of the fire went forth lightning.

¹⁴ And the living creatures ran and returned as the appearance of a flash of lightning.

Vision of the Four Wheels

¹⁵ Now as I beheld the living creatures, behold one wheel upon the earth by the living creatures, with his four faces.

¹⁶ The appearance of the wheels and their work was like unto the colour of a beryl: and they four had one likeness: and their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel in the middle of a wheel.

¹⁷ When they went, they went upon their four sides: and they turned not when they went.

¹⁸ As for their rings, they were so high that they were dreadful; and their rings were full of eyes round about them four.

¹⁹ And when the living creatures went, the wheels went by them: and when the living creatures were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up.

²⁰ Whithersoever the spirit was to go, they went, thither was their spirit to go; and the wheels were lifted up over against them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

²¹ When those went, these went; and when those stood, these stood; and when those were lifted up from the earth, the wheels were lifted up over against them: for the spirit of the living creature was in the wheels.

Vision of the Divine Glory

²² And the likeness of the firmament upon the heads of the living creature was as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth over their heads above.

²³ And under the firmament were their wings straight, the one toward the other: every one had two, which covered on this side, and every one had two, which covered on that side, their bodies.

²⁴ And when they went, I heard the noise of their wings, like the noise of great waters, as the voice of the Almighty, the voice of speech, as the noise of an host: when they stood, they let down their wings.

²⁵ And there was a voice from the firmament that was over their heads, when they stood, and had let down their wings.

²⁶ And above the firmament that was over their heads was the likeness of a throne, as the appearance of a sapphire stone: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as the appearance of a man above upon it.

²⁷ And I saw as the colour of amber, as the appearance of fire round about within it, from the appearance of his loins even upward, and from the appearance of his loins even downward, I saw as it were the appearance of fire, and it had brightness round about.

²⁸ As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness round about. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw it, I fell upon my face, and I heard a voice of one that spake.

Комментарии МакДональда

I. ПРИЗВАНИЕ И МИССИЯ ИЕЗЕКИИЛЯ (1:1 — 3:21)

А. Обстоятельства, в которых находился Иезекииль (1:1−3)

Книга начинается с того, что Иезекииль уже находится среди переселенцев — он оказался там во время одной из предыдущих депортаций. Тем не менее, он пророчествует о разрушении Иерусалима, которое произойдет через шесть-семь лет. Вероятно, Иезекиилю в это время было лет тридцать («в тридцатый год»). Первые двадцать четыре главы написаны до падения Иерусалима, но после ранних депортаций.

Б. Видение Божьей славы на престоле-колеснице (1:4 — 2:1а)

Первая глава — это описание Божьей славы, которая явилась в поселении изгнанников. Сначала Иезекииль видит бурный ветер, идущий от севера. Затем — четырех животных, у каждого из которых четыре лица (льва, тельца, человека и орла), четыре крыла, ноги прямые и руки под крыльями. (Иез 1:4−28а). Эти создания символизируют те атрибуты Бога, которые проявляются в творении: величие, сила, быстрота и мудрость. Многие народы забывают о Боге, восседающем на престоле над облаками. Они поклоняются скорее этим проявленным качествам, чем Самому Творцу.

(1:4 — 2:1а) Традиционно эти четыре лица связывают с четырьмя описаниями нашего Господа; в Евангелии от Матфея Он представлен как лев (Царь), в Марка — как телец (Раб); в Луки — как человек (Совершенный Человек); и в Иоанна — как орел (Сын Божий) — см. комментарии к Новому Завету, введение к евангелиям, стр. 13.

Над сводом было подобие престола, на котором сидел Господь славы. Подле этих животных было по одному колесу, или, скорее, по колесу в колесе (возможно, одно колесо находилось под прямым углом к другому, как в гироскопе). Таким образом, в видении представлено что-то наподобие престола-колесницы (колеса которого поднимались от земли) и четырех животных, поддерживающих платформу с престолом Бога на ней. За этим видением славы Господней следует призвание Иезекииля с указанием его миссии.

(1:4 — 2:1а) В переводе НКИ, вслед за масоретским текстом, говорится: «Когда я пришел». В новом комментарии Библии Скоуфильд отмечает по поводу этой проблемы следующее: «Очевидно, что не Иезекииль пришел уничтожить город Иерусалим за его грехи, но Сам Господь. Судя по контексту, а также, учитывая прочтение в шести известных рукописях и переводах Феодотион и Вульгата, здесь лучше читать: «Когда Он пришел уничтожить город». Эта возможная (и, скорее всего, предпочтительная) версия перевода требует видеть в последней букве обсуждаемого слова хорошо известную аббревиатуру «Господь» — отсюда имеем: «когда Господь пришел уничтожить город» The New Scofield Study Bible, New King James Version, стр. 995.

Этот отрывок вдохновил У. Фэйбера на следующий прекрасный гимн:

Твоя краса все покоряет,
Могуществом она сияет;
Прекрасен, Господи, Твой трон,
В свет, словно в пламя погружен!
В нас трепет вызывает вечность,
Ты есмь всегда! Ты — бесконечность!
Ниц пали духи пред Тобою,
Всегда исполнены хвалою!
Отец Христа — любви награда!
Нам больше ничего не надо,
Как перед Троном предстоять,
Взор от Тебя не отрывать.
Фредерик Уильям Файбер.

В Иез 43:3 пророк ссылается на это видение, когда описывает еще одно подобное видение — «точно какое, какое я видел, когда приходил возвестить гибель народу». Другими словами, видение Бога в Его славе пришло с севера для суда над Иерусалимом, и вавилоняне стали Его орудием.