New International Version
Bricks Without Straw
1 Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘Let my people go, so that they may hold a festival to me in the wilderness.’ ”
2 Pharaoh said, “Who is the Lord, that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord and I will not let Israel go.”
3 Then they said, “The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Now let us take a three-day journey into the wilderness to offer sacrifices to the Lord our God, or he may strike us with plagues or with the sword.”
4 But the king of Egypt said, “Moses and Aaron, why are you taking the people away from their labor? Get back to your work!”
5 Then Pharaoh said, “Look, the people of the land are now numerous, and you are stopping them from working.”
6 That same day Pharaoh gave this order to the slave drivers and overseers in charge of the people:
7 “You are no longer to supply the people with straw for making bricks; let them go and gather their own straw.
8 But require them to make the same number of bricks as before; don’t reduce the quota. They are lazy; that is why they are crying out, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’
9 Make the work harder for the people so that they keep working and pay no attention to lies.”
10 Then the slave drivers and the overseers went out and said to the people, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I will not give you any more straw.
11 Go and get your own straw wherever you can find it, but your work will not be reduced at all.’ ”
12 So the people scattered all over Egypt to gather stubble to use for straw.
13 The slave drivers kept pressing them, saying, “Complete the work required of you for each day, just as when you had straw.”
14 And Pharaoh’s slave drivers beat the Israelite overseers they had appointed, demanding, “Why haven’t you met your quota of bricks yesterday or today, as before?”
15 Then the Israelite overseers went and appealed to Pharaoh: “Why have you treated your servants this way?
16 Your servants are given no straw, yet we are told, ‘Make bricks!’ Your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own people.”
17 Pharaoh said, “Lazy, that’s what you are — lazy! That is why you keep saying, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.’
18 Now get to work. You will not be given any straw, yet you must produce your full quota of bricks.”
19 The Israelite overseers realized they were in trouble when they were told, “You are not to reduce the number of bricks required of you for each day.”
20 When they left Pharaoh, they found Moses and Aaron waiting to meet them,
21 and they said, “May the Lord look on you and judge you! You have made us obnoxious to Pharaoh and his officials and have put a sword in their hand to kill us.”
God Promises Deliverance
22 Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Why, Lord, why have you brought trouble on this people? Is this why you sent me?
23 Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and you have not rescued your people at all.”
Комментарии МакДональда
IV. МОИСЕЙ И фАРАОН: ВЕЛИКОЕ ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЕ (5:1 — 7:13)
А. Первое противостояние (5:1 — 7:6)
5:1 В 3 главе, 18 стихе Бог повелел Моисею взять с собой старейшин и пойти с ними к фараону. Затем Бог назначил Аарона говорить от лица Моисея (4:14−16). Поэтому вместо старейшин с Моисеем пошел Аарон. Воля Божья выражалась в весьма недвусмысленных словах: «Отпусти народ Мой».
5:2−13 Когда Моисей с Аароном объявили фараону свой первый ультиматум, он обвинил их в том, что они отвлекают народ от работы. И заставил народ работать еще больше. Теперь израильтяне должны были сами собирать солому для обжига кирпичей, изготавливая при этом столько же кирпичей, сколько и раньше. Фараон требовал от евреев невыполнимого, обращаясь с ними, как нацисты обращались с заключенными в концлагерях. Народу пришлось ходить по всему Египту, собирая жниво вместо соломы. В еврейском подлиннике видно, с каким презрением относились к этим угнетенным людям. Коул обращает также внимание на то, что жесткое и шероховатое жниво было плохим заменителем соломы.
5:14−23 До этого евреям приносили солому. Она использовалась для укрепления кирпичей и для того, чтобы кирпичи не прилипали к форме, в которой их выжигали. Надзирателей-евреев били за невыполнение нормы. Они обратились к фараону с протестом, но он не стал их слушать. Тогда они стали винить во всем Моисея и Аарона, а Моисей, в свою очередь, стал жаловаться Богу. Обвинения изнутри, исходящие от народа Божьего, зачастую тяжелее сносить, чем преследования извне.