New American Standard Bible
Samuel’s Death
1 Then Samuel died; and all Israel gathered together and mourned for him, and buried him at his house in Ramah. And David arose and went down to the wilderness of Paran.
Nabal and Abigail
2 Now there was a man in Maon whose business was in Carmel; and the man was very rich, and he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats. And it came about while he was shearing his sheep in Carmel
3 (now the man’s name was Nabal, and his wife’s name was Abigail. And the woman was intelligent and beautiful in appearance, but the man was harsh and evil in his dealings, and he was a Calebite),
4 that David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep.
5 So David sent ten young men; and David said to the young men, “Go up to Carmel, visit Nabal and greet him in my name;
6 and thus you shall say, ‘Have a long life, peace be to you, and peace be to your house, and peace be to all that you have.
7 ‘Now I have heard that you have shearers; now your shepherds have been with us and we have not insulted them, nor have they missed anything all the days they were in Carmel.
8 ‘Ask your young men and they will tell you. Therefore let my young men find favor in your eyes, for we have come on a festive day. Please give whatever you find at hand to your servants and to your son David.’”
9 When David’s young men came, they spoke to Nabal according to all these words in David’s name; then they waited.
10 But Nabal answered David’s servants and said, “Who is David? And who is the son of Jesse? There are many servants today who are each breaking away from his master.
11 “Shall I then take my bread and my water and my meat that I have slaughtered for my shearers, and give it to men whose origin I do not know?”
12 So David’s young men retraced their way and went back; and they came and told him according to all these words.
13 David said to his men, “Each of you gird on his sword.” So each man girded on his sword. And David also girded on his sword, and about four hundred men went up behind David while two hundred stayed with the baggage.
14 But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal’s wife, saying, “Behold, David sent messengers from the wilderness to greet our master, and he scorned them.
15 “Yet the men were very good to us, and we were not insulted, nor did we miss anything as long as we went about with them, while we were in the fields.
16 “They were a wall to us both by night and by day, all the time we were with them tending the sheep.
17 “Now therefore, know and consider what you should do, for evil is plotted against our master and against all his household; and he is such a worthless man that no one can speak to him.”
Abigail Intercedes
18 Then Abigail hurried and took two hundred loaves of bread and two jugs of wine and five sheep already prepared and five measures of roasted grain and a hundred clusters of raisins and two hundred cakes of figs, and loaded them on donkeys.
19 She said to her young men, “Go on before me; behold, I am coming after you.” But she did not tell her husband Nabal.
20 It came about as she was riding on her donkey and coming down by the hidden part of the mountain, that behold, David and his men were coming down toward her; so she met them.
21 Now David had said, “Surely in vain I have guarded all that this man has in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that belonged to him; and he has returned me evil for good.
22 “May God do so to the enemies of David, and more also, if by morning I leave as much as one male of any who belong to him.”
23 When Abigail saw David, she hurried and dismounted from her donkey, and fell on her face before David and bowed herself to the ground.
24 She fell at his feet and said, “On me alone, my lord, be the blame. And please let your maidservant speak to you, and listen to the words of your maidservant.
25 “Please do not let my lord pay attention to this worthless man, Nabal, for as his name is, so is he. Nabal is his name and folly is with him; but I your maidservant did not see the young men of my lord whom you sent.
26 “Now therefore, my lord, as the LORD lives, and as your soul lives, since the LORD has restrained you from shedding blood, and from avenging yourself by your own hand, now then let your enemies and those who seek evil against my lord, be as Nabal.
27 “Now let this gift which your maidservant has brought to my lord be given to the young men who accompany my lord.
28 “Please forgive the transgression of your maidservant; for the LORD will certainly make for my lord an enduring house, because my lord is fighting the battles of the LORD, and evil will not be found in you all your days.
29 “Should anyone rise up to pursue you and to seek your life, then the life of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of the living with the LORD your God; but the lives of your enemies He will sling out as from the hollow of a sling.
30 “And when the LORD does for my lord according to all the good that He has spoken concerning you, and appoints you ruler over Israel,
31 this will not cause grief or a troubled heart to my lord, both by having shed blood without cause and by my lord having avenged himself. When the LORD deals well with my lord, then remember your maidservant.”
32 Then David said to Abigail, “Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, who sent you this day to meet me,
33 and blessed be your discernment, and blessed be you, who have kept me this day from bloodshed and from avenging myself by my own hand.
34 “Nevertheless, as the LORD God of Israel lives, who has restrained me from harming you, unless you had come quickly to meet me, surely there would not have been left to Nabal until the morning light as much as one male.”
35 So David received from her hand what she had brought him and said to her, “Go up to your house in peace. See, I have listened to you and granted your request.”
36 Then Abigail came to Nabal, and behold, he was holding a feast in his house, like the feast of a king. And Nabal’s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunk; so she did not tell him anything at all until the morning light.
37 But in the morning, when the wine had gone out of Nabal, his wife told him these things, and his heart died within him so that he became as a stone.
38 About ten days later, the LORD struck Nabal and he died.
David Marries Abigail
39 When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, “Blessed be the LORD, who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal and has kept back His servant from evil. The LORD has also returned the evildoing of Nabal on his own head.” Then David sent a proposal to Abigail, to take her as his wife.
40 When the servants of David came to Abigail at Carmel, they spoke to her, saying, “David has sent us to you to take you as his wife.”
41 She arose and bowed with her face to the ground and said, “Behold, your maidservant is a maid to wash the feet of my lord’s servants.”
42 Then Abigail quickly arose, and rode on a donkey, with her five maidens who attended her; and she followed the messengers of David and became his wife.
43 David had also taken Ahinoam of Jezreel, and they both became his wives.
44 Now Saul had given Michal his daughter, David’s wife, to Palti the son of Laish, who was from Gallim.
Новой Женевской Библии
25:1 И умер Самуил. Смерть Самуила знаменует собой конец целой эпохи в истории Израиля.
все Израильтяне, и плакали по нем. Эти слова подчеркивают то значение, какое имело для Израиля служение Самуила. Ср. оплакивание Иакова (Быт 50:3, 10), Аарона (Чис 20:29) и Моисея (Втор 34:8).
в Раме. См. ком. к 1:1; 9:6.
25:2 в Маоне. См. ком. к 23:24.
на Кармиле. В этой местности Саул в свое время воздвиг себе памятник (см. ком. к 15:12).
25:3 Навал. Авигея утверждает, что это имя означает «безумный» (ст. 25). Однако представляется маловероятным, чтобы родители назвали так ребенка. Вероятнее всего, имя этого человека звучало несколько иначе, Авигея же, желая унизить мужа, намеренно исказила его так, чтобы сделать похожим на слово «безумный».
Авигея. Имя Авигея в переводе означает «отец мой ликует».
из рода Халева. См. Нав 14:13; Нав 15:13.
25:8 сыну твоему Давиду. Ср. обращение Давида к Саулу «Отец мой» в 24:12.
25:14 но он обошелся... грубо. Букв.: «пронзительно кричал» или «бросался». Оскорбив посланных Давидом слуг, Навал тем самым продемонстрировал свою нечестивость. Этот же оборот встречается в словах Самуила (15:19), укоряющего Саула за то, что он «бросился» на имущество амаликитян (ср. 14:32).
25:16 они были для нас оградою. Люди Давида не только не наносили ущерба имуществу Навала (ст. 7), но и охраняли принадлежавшие ему стада и пастухов (ст. 21).
25:19 А мужу своему Навалу ничего не сказала. В свете неблагодарных и недальновидных поступков Навала не вызывает удивления тот факт, что Авигея не известила мужа о своем намерении встретиться с Давидом (ст. 17). См. сходный поступок Ионафана (14:1). Проявив исключительную проницательность, Авигея признает в Давиде избранника Господнего (см. ст. 28 и ком.). Ее решение пойти против воли мужа подпадает под сказанное в Деян 5:29 о том, что «должно повиноваться больше Богу, нежели человекам».
25:23 пала пред Давидом на лице свое. Авигея склоняется перед Давидом так же, как он сам прежде склонялся пред Саулом (24:9).
25:25 Навал — имя его, и безумие его с ним. См. ком. к 25:3.
25:28 дом твердый. Авигея осознает божественное предназначение Давида (см. 2Цар 7:11−16) настолько же хорошо, насколько безнадежно заблуждается относительно этого ее муж (ст. 10−11).
войны Господа ведет господин мой. Авигея намекает на различие между истинной миссией Давида как воина и его сиюминутной страстью к мести, напоминая о призвании будущего царя сражаться во имя Господа, оставив личные обиды и оскорбления на суд Божий.
и зло не найдется в тебе. Давид всячески старается не принести вреда помазаннику Божиему (24:6, 10), однако, судя по всему, не видит никаких препятствий к тому, чтобы жестоко отомстить человеку, не отмеченному избранием свыше. Личная месть врагу, даже если этот враг — Навал, в определенном смысле поставила бы Давида в один ряд с Саулом. Поэтому позже Давид вознесет хвалу Господу за то, что Он, действуя через Авигею, предохранил его от греха кровопролития (ст. 32).
25:29 душа господина моего будет завязана в узле жизни у Господа. В древнееврейском тексте в данном месте использована метафорическая игра слов, выражающая такую степень безопасности, которой может обладать лишь тот, кто во всем и полностью полагается на Господа.
душу врагов твоих бросит Он как бы пращею. Возможный перевод: «жизнь врагов твоих отлетит от них, как брошенная Его пращею». Авигея прибегает к еще одной метафоре (см. предыдущий ком.), предрекающей судьбу врагов Давида.
25:32 благословен Господь... Который послал тебя ныне навстречу мне. Давид осознает провиденциальный характер своей встречи с Авигеей и славит Господа за Его заботу. Авигею, проявившую незаурядную рассудительность, он также не обходит своей благодарностью (ст. 33).
25:37 когда Навал отрезвился. Букв.: «когда вино вышло из Навала». В древнееврейском тексте здесь обыгрывается созвучность имени Навал слову, обозначающему сосуд для хранения вина (или иной жидкости). Тем самым подчеркиваете ничтожность человека, провинившегося перед Давидом.
25:39 благословен Господь. С помощью Господа Давид избегает искушения личной мести, однако наказание настигло Навала и без участия Давида. Услышав, что Бог поразил Навала, Давид возносит двойную хвалу Господу, предохранившему его от греха и справедливо покаравшему нечестие Навала.
25:40−44 Авигея... Ахиноаму... Мелхолу. Давид имеет теперь трех жен: Мелхолу, дочь Саула, которая прежде, в его отсутствие, была отдана другому; Ахиноаму (носящую то же имя, что и жена Саула, 14:50), и Авигею, бывшую до того женой Навала.