Darby Bible Translation
The Death of Samuel
1 And Samuel died; and all Israel were gathered together, and lamented him; and they buried him in his house at Ramah. And David arose and went down to the wilderness of Paran.
David and Nabal
2 And there was a man at Maon, whose business was at Carmel; and the man was very great, and he had three thousand sheep and a thousand goats; and he was shearing his sheep at Carmel.
3 And the name of the man was Nabal, and the name of his wife Abigail; and the woman was of good understanding, and of a beautiful countenance; but the man was churlish and evil in his doings; and he was a Calebite.
4 And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal was shearing his sheep.
5 Then David sent out ten young men; and David said to the young men, Go up to Carmel, and go to Nabal, and greet him in my name.
6 And thus shall ye say: Long life [to thee]! and peace be to thee, and peace be to thy house, and peace be to all that thou hast!
7 And now I have heard that thou hast shearers; now thy shepherds who were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there aught missed by them, all the while they were in Carmel.
8 Ask thy young men, and they will tell thee. Therefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes; for we come in a good day: give, I pray thee, what thy hand may find to thy servants, and to thy son David.
9 And David's young men came, and spoke to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David, and ceased.
10 And Nabal answered David's servants and said, Who is David? and who is the son of Jesse? there are many servants now-a-days that break away every man from his master.
11 And shall I take my bread, and my water, and my flesh which I have killed for my shearers, and give [it] to men whom I know not whence they are?
12 And David's young men turned their way, and went back, and came and reported to him according to all those words.
13 And David said to his men, Gird ye on every man his sword. And they girded on every man his sword; and David also girded on his sword; and there went up after David about four hundred men; and two hundred abode by the baggage.
14 And one of [Nabal's] young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife, saying, Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to bless our master; and he has insulted them.
15 And the men were very good to us, and we were not hurt, neither missed we anything, as long as we companied with them, when we were in the fields.
16 They were a wall to us both by night and day, all the while we were with them feeding the sheep.
17 And now know and consider what thou wilt do, for evil is determined against our master, and against all his household; and he is such a son of Belial, that one cannot speak to him.
Abigail Intercedes for Nabal
18 And Abigail made haste, and took two hundred loaves, and two skin-bottles of wine, and five sheep ready dressed, and five measures of parched [corn], and a hundred raisin-cakes, and two hundred fig-cakes, and laid them on asses.
19 And she said to her young men, Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she did not tell her husband Nabal.
20 And as she was riding on the ass, and coming down by the covert of the hill, behold, David and his men came down opposite to her; and she met them.
21 Now David had said, Surely, in vain have I kept all that this [man] had in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of all that was his; and he has requited me evil for good.
22 So and more also do God to the enemies of David, if I leave of all that is his by the morning light any male.
23 And when Abigail saw David, she hasted and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face, and bowed herself to the ground,
24 and fell at his feet, and said, Upon me, my lord, [upon] me let the iniquity be; but let thy handmaid, I pray thee, speak in thine ears, and hear the words of thy handmaid.
25 Let not my lord, I pray thee, regard this man of Belial, Nabal; for as his name is, so is he: Nabal is his name, and folly is with him; and I thy handmaid did not see the young men of my lord, whom thou didst send.
26 And now, my lord, [as] Jehovah liveth, and [as] thy soul liveth, seeing Jehovah has restrained thee from coming with bloodshed, and from avenging thyself with thine own hand, now let thine enemies, and they that seek evil to my lord, be as Nabal.
27 And now this blessing which thy bondmaid has brought to my lord, let it be given to the young men that follow my lord.
28 I pray thee, forgive the transgression of thy handmaid: for Jehovah will certainly make my lord a lasting house; because my lord fights the battles of Jehovah, and evil has not been found in thee all thy days.
29 And if a man is risen up to pursue thee and to seek thy life, the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of the living with Jehovah thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out from the hollow of the sling.
30 And it shall come to pass, when Jehovah shall do to my lord according to all the good that he has spoken concerning thee, and shall appoint thee ruler over Israel,
31 that this shall be no stumbling-block to thee, nor offence of heart for my lord, either that thou hast shed blood without cause, or that my lord has avenged himself. And when Jehovah shall deal well with my lord, then remember thy handmaid.
32 And David said to Abigail, Blessed be Jehovah, the God of Israel, who sent thee this day to meet me.
33 And blessed be thy discernment, and blessed be thou, who hast kept me this day from coming with bloodshed, and from avenging myself with mine own hand.
34 But indeed, as Jehovah the God of Israel liveth, who has restrained me from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, there had not been left to Nabal by the morning light any male.
35 So David received of her hand what she had brought him, and said to her, Go up in peace to thy house; see, I have hearkened to thy voice, and have accepted thy person.
36 And Abigail came to Nabal; and behold, he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king; and Nabal's heart was merry within him, for he was drunken to excess; so she told him nothing, less or more, until the morning light.
37 And it came to pass in the morning, when the wine was gone out of Nabal, that his wife told him these things; and his heart died within him, and he became [as] a stone.
38 And it came to pass in about ten days that Jehovah smote Nabal, and he died.
David Marries Abigail
39 And when David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, Blessed be Jehovah, who has pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal, and has kept back his servant from evil; but Jehovah has returned Nabal's evil upon his own head. And David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her as his wife.
40 And the servants of David came to Abigail to Carmel, and spoke to her, saying, David has sent us to thee, to take thee as his wife.
41 And she arose and bowed herself on her face to the earth, and said, Behold, let thy handmaid be a bondwoman to wash the feet of the servants of my lord.
42 And Abigail hasted, and arose, and rode upon an ass, with five damsels of hers that followed her; and she went after the messengers of David, and became his wife.
43 David had also taken Ahinoam of Jizreel; and they became, even both of them, his wives.
44 But Saul had given Michal his daughter, David's wife, to Phalti the son of Laish, who was of Gallim.
Новой Женевской Библии
25:1 И умер Самуил. Смерть Самуила знаменует собой конец целой эпохи в истории Израиля.
все Израильтяне, и плакали по нем. Эти слова подчеркивают то значение, какое имело для Израиля служение Самуила. Ср. оплакивание Иакова (Быт 50:3, 10), Аарона (Чис 20:29) и Моисея (Втор 34:8).
в Раме. См. ком. к 1:1; 9:6.
25:2 в Маоне. См. ком. к 23:24.
на Кармиле. В этой местности Саул в свое время воздвиг себе памятник (см. ком. к 15:12).
25:3 Навал. Авигея утверждает, что это имя означает «безумный» (ст. 25). Однако представляется маловероятным, чтобы родители назвали так ребенка. Вероятнее всего, имя этого человека звучало несколько иначе, Авигея же, желая унизить мужа, намеренно исказила его так, чтобы сделать похожим на слово «безумный».
Авигея. Имя Авигея в переводе означает «отец мой ликует».
из рода Халева. См. Нав 14:13; Нав 15:13.
25:8 сыну твоему Давиду. Ср. обращение Давида к Саулу «Отец мой» в 24:12.
25:14 но он обошелся... грубо. Букв.: «пронзительно кричал» или «бросался». Оскорбив посланных Давидом слуг, Навал тем самым продемонстрировал свою нечестивость. Этот же оборот встречается в словах Самуила (15:19), укоряющего Саула за то, что он «бросился» на имущество амаликитян (ср. 14:32).
25:16 они были для нас оградою. Люди Давида не только не наносили ущерба имуществу Навала (ст. 7), но и охраняли принадлежавшие ему стада и пастухов (ст. 21).
25:19 А мужу своему Навалу ничего не сказала. В свете неблагодарных и недальновидных поступков Навала не вызывает удивления тот факт, что Авигея не известила мужа о своем намерении встретиться с Давидом (ст. 17). См. сходный поступок Ионафана (14:1). Проявив исключительную проницательность, Авигея признает в Давиде избранника Господнего (см. ст. 28 и ком.). Ее решение пойти против воли мужа подпадает под сказанное в Деян 5:29 о том, что «должно повиноваться больше Богу, нежели человекам».
25:23 пала пред Давидом на лице свое. Авигея склоняется перед Давидом так же, как он сам прежде склонялся пред Саулом (24:9).
25:25 Навал — имя его, и безумие его с ним. См. ком. к 25:3.
25:28 дом твердый. Авигея осознает божественное предназначение Давида (см. 2Цар 7:11−16) настолько же хорошо, насколько безнадежно заблуждается относительно этого ее муж (ст. 10−11).
войны Господа ведет господин мой. Авигея намекает на различие между истинной миссией Давида как воина и его сиюминутной страстью к мести, напоминая о призвании будущего царя сражаться во имя Господа, оставив личные обиды и оскорбления на суд Божий.
и зло не найдется в тебе. Давид всячески старается не принести вреда помазаннику Божиему (24:6, 10), однако, судя по всему, не видит никаких препятствий к тому, чтобы жестоко отомстить человеку, не отмеченному избранием свыше. Личная месть врагу, даже если этот враг — Навал, в определенном смысле поставила бы Давида в один ряд с Саулом. Поэтому позже Давид вознесет хвалу Господу за то, что Он, действуя через Авигею, предохранил его от греха кровопролития (ст. 32).
25:29 душа господина моего будет завязана в узле жизни у Господа. В древнееврейском тексте в данном месте использована метафорическая игра слов, выражающая такую степень безопасности, которой может обладать лишь тот, кто во всем и полностью полагается на Господа.
душу врагов твоих бросит Он как бы пращею. Возможный перевод: «жизнь врагов твоих отлетит от них, как брошенная Его пращею». Авигея прибегает к еще одной метафоре (см. предыдущий ком.), предрекающей судьбу врагов Давида.
25:32 благословен Господь... Который послал тебя ныне навстречу мне. Давид осознает провиденциальный характер своей встречи с Авигеей и славит Господа за Его заботу. Авигею, проявившую незаурядную рассудительность, он также не обходит своей благодарностью (ст. 33).
25:37 когда Навал отрезвился. Букв.: «когда вино вышло из Навала». В древнееврейском тексте здесь обыгрывается созвучность имени Навал слову, обозначающему сосуд для хранения вина (или иной жидкости). Тем самым подчеркиваете ничтожность человека, провинившегося перед Давидом.
25:39 благословен Господь. С помощью Господа Давид избегает искушения личной мести, однако наказание настигло Навала и без участия Давида. Услышав, что Бог поразил Навала, Давид возносит двойную хвалу Господу, предохранившему его от греха и справедливо покаравшему нечестие Навала.
25:40−44 Авигея... Ахиноаму... Мелхолу. Давид имеет теперь трех жен: Мелхолу, дочь Саула, которая прежде, в его отсутствие, была отдана другому; Ахиноаму (носящую то же имя, что и жена Саула, 14:50), и Авигею, бывшую до того женой Навала.